Learn: What Is Human Trafficking?
Human trafficking is a crime where someone is exploited for labor or commercial sex through force, fraud, or coercion. In the U.S., the National Human Trafficking Hotline provides support and referral resources.
Core definition (simple)
Trafficking is exploitation—not movement. Someone can be trafficked without traveling anywhere. Traffickers may use violence, threats, manipulation, isolation, shame, or financial control.
Main types
- Sex trafficking: Commercial sexual exploitation under force, fraud, or coercion (or any minor in commercial sex).
- Labor trafficking: Forced work or services where the person cannot freely leave.
Why victims may not ask for help
- Fear of violence or retaliation
- Trauma bonding or manipulation
- Threats to family
- Language barriers or immigration fears
- Shame, stigma, or distrust of authorities
How trafficking happens (patterns)
Trafficking often begins with targeting vulnerabilities. Some situations increase risk: unstable housing, unmet basic needs, social isolation, or lack of trusted support.
Relationship manipulation
A trafficker may pose as a romantic partner or “best friend,” then gradually isolate and control the person.
Fake job offers
Promises of money, housing, travel, or “easy work” can hide exploitation.
Online grooming
Messaging, social apps, or gaming chats can be used to build trust and pressure someone into risky situations.
Financial control
Withholding pay, debt, or controlling identification documents can keep someone trapped.
Need help?
If in immediate danger: 911
See the hotline section on the Resources page for confidential support.
Go to Help NowQuick glossary
- Coercion: Pressure/threats to control choices
- Fraud: Lies used to recruit/control
- Force: Physical violence or restraint
- Commercial sex: Sex exchanged for something of value